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A somewhat controversial VAR decision led to a penalty being awarded against the visitors inside the first seven minutes, which put them behind.

Having buried that spot kick without fuss, Omar Marmoush was on hand to score his and Frnakfurt's second on 24 minutes, but just before half-time Marcel Sabitzer fired home a powerful drive to half the deficit just before the break.

Ten minutes hadn't passed in the second period when Youssoufa Moukoko put the ball in the net again to make it 2-2, but Dortmund's powers of resilance would be tested again.

Fares Chaibi put Frankfurt back in front with 22 minutes remaining, but somehow Dortmund came back again, Julian Brandt putting home a vital strike on 82 minutes that earned his side a point and maintined its unbeaten start to the season.

Only two other sides remain unbeaten in the competition – leader Bayer Leverkusen and second-placed Bayern Munich – and Dortmund sits in fourth after this result, level on points with third-placed Stuttgart.