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Both Gonzalez and Koopmeiners scored two minutes after their respective introductions from the bench at Allianz Stadium, as Juve overcame a stubborn Parma display to join AC Milan on six points from two games at the top of the table.

Luciano Spalletti's hosts were clearly superior throughout the first half, but they only hit the target with one of their eight shots as Parma managed to frustrate them.

Francisco Conceicao went closest to opening the scoring in the first 45 minutes, clipping the outside of the post from just outside the area, before Jonathan David and Randal Kolo Muani passed up chances early in the second period.

But Juve's shoot-on-sight policy would eventually pay dividends as Gonzalez, whose first involvement saw him fire wide from distance, got a huge slice of fortune.

His second long-range effort clattered off the left post and rebounded all the way back to him, and when he tried his luck for a third time, striking the rebound first-time, it deflected off Mariano Troilo to wrong-foot Edoardo Corvi in goal.

Corvi came off his line to deny Kolo Muani shortly after Juve was dealt a scare at the other end, with Guglielmo Vicario repelling David Romero's attempt, but the Bianconeri made the points safe in the 88th minute.

Having only just stepped off the bench, Koopmeiners followed Gonzalez's example with a sweet, left-footed shot that cut across Corvi and found the bottom-right corner.