Pilot David Ibbotson is "likely" to have been exposed to carbon monoxide before the plane on which he and footballer Emiliano Sala were travelling crashed over the English Channel in January.
A report from the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) said toxicology tests on Argentinian Sala, whose body was found in the wreckage, showed clear signs of exposure to the poisonous gas.
Search teams have found no sign of Ibbotson, who is presumed dead.
He died from head and trunk injuries, an inquest heard in February.
The AAIB said in a statement on Wednesday that its latest findings showed "the danger of exposure to carbon monoxide in both piston and turbine engine aircraft".
"Toxicology tests found that the passenger had a high saturation level of COHb (the combination product of carbon monoxide and haemoglobin)," said the AAIB statement.
"It is considered likely that the pilot would also have been exposed to carbon monoxide.
"When our investigation has concluded, we will publish a final report."
AAIB Special Bulletin: loss of light aircraft N264DBhttps://t.co/6D9rQIiz9y
— AAIB (@aaibgovuk) August 14, 2019
Geraint Herbert, principal inspector of air accidents with the AAIB, explained the impact of carbon monoxide poisoning.
He said: “Carbon monoxide is an odourless and colourless gas.
“Symptoms at low-exposure levels can be drowsiness and dizziness, but as the exposure level increases it can lead to unconsciousness and death.
“Inexpensive carbon monoxide detectors are widely available and can be fitted to aircraft to warn pilots of the presence of carbon monoxide.
“The investigation continues to look into a wide range of areas in relation to this accident but in particular we are looking at the potential ways in which carbon monoxide can enter the cabin in this kind of aircraft.
“We'll be publishing our final report in due course.”
Principal Inspector of Air Accidents Geraint Herbert warns about the danger of carbon monoxide. pic.twitter.com/e6767DoHKa
— AAIB (@aaibgovuk) August 14, 2019
