From Mariano Rivera to AI: The End of a Legend in Major League Baseball
Sabermetrics and artificial intelligence have transformed bullpen management, replacing the traditional ninth-inning closer with a more flexible, data-driven approach.
For decades, the closer was one of Major League Baseball's most iconic figures. Legends such as Mariano Rivera, Trevor Hoffman, Billy Wagner, and Francisco Rodríguez built Hall of Fame-caliber careers by taking the mound in the ninth inning, often accompanied by signature entrance music and the expectation of recording the game's final three outs.
That model has changed dramatically in the analytics era. Rather than automatically saving their best reliever for the ninth inning, teams now rely on advanced metrics to determine the game's highest-leverage situation. In many cases, that critical moment occurs in the seventh or eighth inning, when the opposing lineup's most dangerous hitters come to the plate.
The numbers illustrate the shift. During the 2026 MLB season, more than 200 different pitchers have already recorded at least one save, highlighting how closing duties are increasingly shared among multiple relievers instead of being assigned to a single specialist.
Financial considerations have also influenced the evolution. Many organizations no longer view investing heavily in a reliever expected to pitch around 60 innings per season as the most efficient strategy. Instead, clubs prioritize bullpen depth and versatility over one designated closer.
Elite closers still exist. Pitchers such as Jhoan Durán, Mason Miller, and veteran Aroldis Chapman continue to dominate in high-pressure situations, but they are now the exception rather than the rule.
Modern analytics have undoubtedly made bullpen management more efficient, but they have also diminished one of baseball's most recognizable traditions: the dramatic entrance of a closer walking in from the bullpen to protect a ninth-inning lead.











